Publications

2024

• Path differences between quasistatic and fatigue cracks in anisotropic media
  
  • Zhai Xinyuan
  • Corre Thomas
  • Mesgarnejad Ataollah
  • Karma Alain
  • Lazarus Véronique
  Physical Review E, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, 110 (6), pp.L063001. The propagation path of quasistatic cracks under monotonic loading is known to be stronglyinfluenced by the anisotropy of the fracture energy in crystalline solids or engineered materials witha regular microstructure. Such cracks generally follow directions close to minima of the fractureenergy. Here we demonstrate both experimentally and computationally that fatigue cracks undercyclic loading follow dramatically different paths that are predominantly dictated by the symmetryof the loading with the microstructure playing a negligible or subdominant role. (10.1103/PhysRevE.110.L063001)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.L063001
• On the determination of the primary part of the seismically induced inertial forces in pressurized piping systems
  
  • Méric Axel
  • Labbé Pierre
  • Boussaa Djaffar
  • Semblat Jean-François
  • Nazé Pierre-Alain
  , 2024. This paper focusses on discussing which part of inertial stresses should be regarded as primary or secondary. To do so, a classification is established based on the study of non-linear oscillator. The case of zero and non-zero-permanent force are explored to simulate the pressure effect. Two types of dynamic signals are considered as samples of a wide-band and a narrow-band stochastic process to simulate ground level motions and floor input motions respectively. The results of the classification highlight the importance the φ parameter, the ratio between the natural frequency of the oscillator and the central frequency of the input motion, in the calculation of the primary part of the inertial forces. Based on the defined classification, a reduced spectrum method, initially proposed by Labbé and Nugyen [Modified Response Spectrum Accounting for Seismic Load Categorization as Primary or Secondary in Multi-Modal Piping Systems, ASME 2021, PVP] is tested numerically on a piping system. Non-linear calculations are compared to the results of the linear reduced spectrum analysis. Von-mises stresses at the most damaged elbow flank and opening/closing displacement of the same elbow are compared. Comparable results are obtained in term of stresses.
• A simple kinematics to model the behavior of pressurized elbows under cyclic in-plane bending
  
  • Méric Axel
  • Boussaa Djaffar
  • Labbé Pierre
  • Semblat Jean-François
  • Nazé Pierre-Alain
  , 2024, pp.Division 2. This paper presents a simple and efficient way to calculate the ratcheting strains at the critical locations of a pressurized elbow subjected to cycles of in-plane opening/closing. To do so, a kinematics initially proposed by Boussaa and al. [Finite pure bending of curved pipes. 1996. Comput. Struct. 60, 1003-1012] is presented and a way to use it in ANSYS finite element software is described. The kinematics only describes the elbow behavior when it is subjected to pure in-plane bending. The considered loading must be an history of imposed moment or elbow angle variation. Results using this kinematics are compared with experimental and numerical results of two papers from the literature. Values of ratcheting strains at critical locations of the elbow obtained with the proposed kinematics are very comparable with the ones of the literature. Moreover, computation time is divided by around 200 when using this kinematics over a shell finite element model.
• Broadband shock vibration absorber based on vibro-impacts and acoustic black hole effect
  
  • Li Haiqin
  • O’donoughue Patrick
  • Masson Florent
  • Pelat Adrien
  • Gautier François
  • Touzé Cyril
  International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, Elsevier, 2024, 159, pp.104620. A vibration absorber combining the acoustical black hole (ABH) effect with vibro-impacts is presented as a separate device that can be mounted on a primary structure for passive vibration mitigation. The vibration isolator is shown to be effective for low-frequency shock vibration attenuation. Numerical and experimental results are reported, considering a rectangular honeycomb plate as the primary structure, on which the device, consisting of a circular ABH plate with one or several impact masses, is attached. A numerical model is developed using a finite element space discretisation combined with a conservative scheme in a penalty approach for the contact dynamics. The analysis shows that the device has broadband efficiency thanks to the combined effects of energy transfer due to impacts and high attenuation in mid and high-frequency range due to the ABH effect. A detailed parametric study underlines that the tuning of the linear fundamental frequency of the impact mass plays an important role. Besides, considering several impact masses is shown to improve the efficacy. An experimental setup is then used in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the device. The results confirm the vibration mitigation trends obtained from the numerical model that could then be used as a designed tool for the attenuator. Finally, an analysis based on the Shock Response Spectrum (SRS), widely used in the field of aerospace engineering, is performed, underlining the attenuator is able to reduce rapidly and efficiently the vibrations due to a mechanical shock. (10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2023.104620)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2023.104620
• Characterization on thermal hysteresis of shape memory alloys via macroscopic interface propagation
  
  • Zhang Chengguan
  • Chen Xue
  • Hubert Olivier
  • He Yongjun
  Materialia, Elsevier, 2024, 33, pp.102038. A specimen of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) starts martensitic phase transformation normally by the nucleation of a macroscopic austenite-martensite interface at the specimen's boundary (i.e., the nucleation is sensitive to boundary conditions). By contrast, the interface propagation only needs to overcome the energy barrier of the incompatibility between the austenite and martensite phases (i.e., the interface-propagation driving force reflects material's intrinsic properties). In this paper, we observe the thermally induced forward and reverse quasi-static propagation of the macroscopic austenite-martensite interface in a Ni-Mn-Ga single-crystal bar. It is found that the temperature difference between the forward and reverse propagation is only 2.8 °C, which is obviously less than the thermal hysteresis evaluated from Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurement (6.3 °C) on the same material. This result not only gives a better characterization of the thermal hysteresis of the phase transformation, but also helps deeply understand the relation between the phase-transformation kinetics and the microstructures of the macroscopic austenite-martensite interface. (10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102038)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102038
• Introduction to Non-linear Mechanics
  
  • Stolz Claude
  , 2024, 14. This book presents an introduction to the non-linear mechanics of materials, focusing on a unified energetical approach. It begins by summarizing the framework of a thermodynamic description of continua, including a description of the kinematics of deformation, and a summary of the equations of motion. After a short description of the motion of the system and the mechanical interaction, the book introduces the Lagrangean and Hamiltonian functionals of the system, transitioning to the quasistatic characterization with emphasis on the role of potential energy and pseudo-potential of dissipation. The framework is then extended to fracture and damage mechanics with a similar energetical approach proposed for material damage and wear. The book looks at homogenization in non-linear mechanics for locally plastic or damaged material with an analysis of stability and bifurcation of the equilibrium path. Lastly, inverse problems in non-linear mechanics are introduced using optimal control theory. All the concepts introduced in the book are illustrated using analytical solutions on beams, rods, plates, or using spherical and cylindrical symmetries. Graduate students and researchers working on continuum mechanics and interested in a deeper understanding of materials damage, wear, and fatigue will find this book instructive and informative. (10.1007/978-3-031-51920-8)
  DOI : 10.1007/978-3-031-51920-8
• Direct parametrisation of invariant manifolds for non-autonomous forced systems including superharmonic resonances
  
  • Vizzaccaro Alessandra
  • Gobat Giorgio
  • Frangi Attilio
  • Touzé Cyril
  Nonlinear Dynamics, Springer Verlag, 2024, 112 (8), pp.6255-6290. The direct parametrisation method for invariant manifold is a model-order reduction technique that can be applied to nonlinear systems described by PDEs and discretised e.g. with a finite element procedure in order to derive efficient reduced-order models (ROMs). In non-linear vibrations, it has already been applied to autonomous and non-autonomous problems to propose ROMs that can compute backbone and frequency-response curves of structures with geometric nonlinearity. While previous developments used a first-order expansion to cope with the non-autonomous term, this assumption is here relaxed by proposing a different treatment. The key idea is to enlarge the dimension of the parametrising coordinates with additional entries related to the forcing. A new algorithm is derived with this starting assumption and, as a key consequence, the resonance relationships appearing through the homological equations involve multiple occurrences of the forcing frequency, showing that with this new development, ROMs for systems exhibiting a superharmonic resonance, can be derived. The method is implemented and validated on academic test cases involving beams and arches. It is numerically demonstrated that the method generates efficient ROMs for problems involving 3:1 and 2:1 superharmonic resonances, as well as converged results for systems where the first-order truncation on the non-autonomous term showed a clear limitation. (10.1007/s11071-024-09333-0)
  DOI : 10.1007/s11071-024-09333-0
• Coexistence of five domains at single propagating interface in single-crystal Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloy
  
  • Zhang Chengguan
  • Balandraud Xavier
  • He Yongjun
  Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Elsevier, 2024, 183, pp.105481. Coexistence of both austenite and martensite during phase transformation is a common feature of all Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs). The martensite has different variants featuring characteristic deformations rotationally linked to each other due to the symmetries of the austenite parent phase, and can form twins by mixing pair of variants which lead to different mean characteristic deformations. Multiple-domain microstructures (consisting of austenite, martensite domain interface is not a perfectly compatible pattern like the basic habit plane (consisting of only one twin compatible with austenite). However, its level of non-compatibility is similar to that of the quite common X-interface (four-domain coexistence) which is observed in many SMAs. Further, the significant effects of the thermal loading path and the material initial state (the initial martensite variant) on the domain pattern formation are demonstrated and analyzed. The experimental observation and the theoretical analysis of the domain patterns can provide hints to better understand diffuse interface kinetics and phase transformation hysteresis. (10.1016/j.jmps.2023.105481)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.jmps.2023.105481
• From emissions to resources: mitigating the critical raw material supply chain vulnerability of renewable energy technologies
  
  • Mertens Jan
  • Dewulf Jo
  • Breyer Christian
  • Belmans Ronnie
  • Gendron Corinne
  • Geoffron Patrice
  • Goossens Luc
  • Fischer Carolyn
  • Du Fornel Elodie
  • Hayhoe Katharine
  • Hirose Katsu
  • Le Cadre-Loret Elodie
  • Lester Richard
  • Maigné Fanny
  • Maitournam Habibou
  • de Miranda Paulo Emilio Valadão
  • Verwee Peter
  • Sala Olivier
  • Webber Michael
  • Debackere Koenraad
  Mineral Economics, Springer, 2024, 37 (3), pp.669-676. The massive deployment of clean energy technologies plays a vital role in the strategy to attain carbon neutrality by 2050 and allow subsequent negative CO2 emissions in order to achieve our climate goals. An emerging challenge, known as ‘From Emissions to Resources,’ highlights the signifcant increase in demand for critical raw materials (CRMs) in clean energy technologies. Despite the presence of ample geological reserves, ensuring sustainable access to these materials is crucial for the successful transition to clean energy, taking into account the environmental and social impacts. The commentary centers on four renewable energy technologies namely solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, Li-ion batteries, and water electrolysers. Four pathways for mitigation are quantitatively examined to assess their potential in reducing the vulnerability of the CRM supply chain for these four clean energy technologies: (i) Enhancing material efciency, (ii) employing substitutivity strategies, (iii) exploring recycling prospects, and (iv) promoting relocalisation initiatives. It is important to note that no single mitigation lever can completely eliminate the risk of CRM supply, rather the accelerated adoption of all four levers is necessary to minimize the CRM supply risk to its absolute minimum. Hence, the study underscores the signifcance of increased research, innovation, and regulatory initiatives, along with raising social awareness, in efectively addressing the challenges faced by the CRM supply chain and contributing to a sustainable energy transition. (10.1007/s13563-024-00425-2)
  DOI : 10.1007/s13563-024-00425-2
• Uncertainties in numerical predictions and experimental characterization of wind farm noise
  
  • Gauvreau Benoit
  • Alarcon Albert
  • Bianchetti Simon
  • Boittin Régis
  • Brendel Laurent
  • Cotté Benjamin
  • Gary Vincent
  • Guillaume Gwenael
  • Junker Fabrice
  • Kayser Bill
  • Lefèvre Hubert
  • Litou Guillaume
  • Mascarenhas David
  • Ripolles Jean
  • Schmich-Yamane Isabelle
  • Ecotière David
  , 2024, pp.9915-9924. PIBE (Prévoir l’Impact du Bruit des Éoliennes – Predicting the impact of wind-turbine noise) is a research project funded by ANR (French National Research Agency) which main objectives are to better understand the noise levels created by wind-turbines and assess noise-reduction solutions. One topic of this project focuses on the propagation of uncertainty. Code_TYMPAN™ is an open-source software for calculating industrial noise in the environment. Its open architecture, implemented by a Python API, allows advanced users to build and solve models programmatically. This open architecture made possible the implementation of a parametrical computational tool (OCP – Outil de Calcul Paramétrique). This tool generates input data, launches the calculations with Code_TYMPAN™, generates and post-processes output data. Thus, sensitivity analysis and propagation of uncertainty were performed on an industrial test case. This development demonstrates the feasability of introducing uncertainties in acoustic engineering studies. (10.3397/IN_2024_4322)
  DOI : 10.3397/IN_2024_4322
• Predicting the impact of wind turbine noise: general overview and results of the PIBE project
  
  • Ecotière David
  • Gauvreau Benoit
  • Cotté Benjamin
  • Roger Michel
  • Schmich-Yamane Isabelle
  • Junker Fabrice
  , 2024, pp.9251-9262. PIBE (Prévoir l’Impact du Bruit des Éoliennes – Predicting the impact of wind-turbine noise) is a research project funded by ANR (French National Research Agency) which main objectives are to better understand the noise levels created by wind-turbines and assess noise-reduction solutions. One topic of this project focuses on the propagation of uncertainty. Code_TYMPAN™ is an open-source software for calculating industrial noise in the environment. Its open architecture, implemented by a Python API, allows advanced users to build and solve models programmatically. This open architecture made possible the implementation of a parametrical computational tool (OCP – Outil de Calcul Paramétrique). This tool generates input data, launches the calculations with Code_TYMPAN™, generates and post-processes output data. Thus, sensitivity analysis and propagation of uncertainty were performed on an industrial test case. This development demonstrates the feasability of introducing uncertainties in acoustic engineering studies. (10.3397/IN_2024_4217)
  DOI : 10.3397/IN_2024_4217
• Experimental demonstration of negative refraction of water waves using metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion
  
  • Euvé Léo-Paul
  • Pham Kim
  • Petitjeans Philippe
  • Pagneux Vincent
  • Maurel Agnès
  Physical Review Fluids, American Physical Society, 2024, 9 (11), pp.L112801. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate the possibility of negative refraction of water waves, using a locally resonant metamaterial. This metamaterial exhibits a dispersion that encompasses elliptical and hyperbolic regimes, characterized by theoretical analysis and supported by experimental validation. In the frequency range associated with hyperbolic dispersion, we confirm and characterize the appearance of negative refraction. Our experimental achievement provides convincing evidence of the potential of metamaterials for water wave control (10.1103/physrevfluids.9.l112801)
  DOI : 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.l112801
• Phase-field simulation and coupled criterion link echelon cracks to internal length in antiplane shear
  
  • Molnár Gergely
  • Doitrand Aurélien
  • Lazarus Véronique
  Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Elsevier, 2024, 188, pp.105675. This paper provides a comprehensive numerical analysis of daughter crack localization in pure antiplane shear. Although antiplane shear fracture is important in various industrial applications, understanding the morphology of the resulting fragmentation remains challenging. The paper develops innovative phase-field models to induce the facets using a small spatial variation in the toughness field and examines the impact of numerical and material parameters on the newly formed daughter cracks’ shape and spacing. Through meticulous comparison to the coupled criterion, the paper reveals a compelling connection between the internal length-scale of damage regularization, Irwin’s length and the facet crack spacing. Furthermore, the effect of Poisson’s ratio on the crack form and spacing is investigated: the results reveal a significant influence and showcase comparable initiation distances between the numerical simulations and experimental measurements in pure antiplane loading. (10.1016/j.jmps.2024.105675)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.jmps.2024.105675
• Nonlinear normal modes as invariant manifolds for model order reduction
  
  • Touzé Cyril
  • Vizzaccaro Alessandra
  , 2024, 614, pp.59-116. This chapter introduces the nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) for vibrating systems as invariant manifolds of the phase space, and their use for model order reduction of nonlinear structures. NNMs are defined as the continuation of the linear normal modes by enforcing tangency to a subset of master eigenspaces for small amplitudes. Conservative and damped dynamics are considered, as well as forced systems where the NNMs are time-dependent. A systematic procedure using the parametrisation method for invariant manifolds, is devised for their computation, directly operating from the physical space, and up to arbitrary order of expansions. Applications to academic examples are shown to highlight the ability of the method to deal with hardening/softening behaviour, the presence of a folding manifold, and superharmonic resonance. In each case, reduced-order models with minimal dimensions and excellent accuracy, are derived. (10.1007/978-3-031-67499-0_2)
  DOI : 10.1007/978-3-031-67499-0_2
• Impact of a two-dimensional steep hill on wind turbine noise propagation
  
  • Colas Jules
  • Emmanuelli Ariane
  • Dragna Didier
  • Blanc-Benon Philippe
  • Cotté Benjamin
  • Stevens Richard J a M
  Wind Energy Science, Göttingen Copernicus Publications, 2024, 9 (10), pp.1869-1884. Abstract. Wind turbine noise propagation in a hilly terrain is studied through numerical simulation in different scenarios. Linearized Euler equations are solved in a moving frame that follows the wavefront, and wind turbine noise is modeled with an extended moving source. We employ large-eddy simulations to simulate the flow around the hill and the wind turbine. The sound pressure levels (SPLs) obtained for a wind turbine in front of a 2D hill and a wind turbine on a hilltop are compared to a baseline flat case. First, the source height and wind speed strongly affect sound propagation downwind. We find that topography influences the wake shape, inducing changes in the sound propagation that drastically modify the SPL downwind. Placing the turbine on the hilltop increases the average sound pressure level and amplitude modulation downwind. For the wind turbine placed upstream of a hill, a strong shielding effect is observed. But, because of the refraction by the wind gradient, levels are comparable with the baseline flat case just after the hill. Thus, considering how terrain topography alters the flow and wind turbine wake is essential to accurately predict wind turbine noise propagation. (10.5194/wes-9-1869-2024)
  DOI : 10.5194/wes-9-1869-2024
• On bounds of the effective behavior of particulate composites with imperfect interface
  
  • Stolz Claude
  Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Académie des sciences (Paris), 2024. Particulate composites are considered here as multiphase composite in which the interfaces are imperfect. When the interface mechanical properties are those of a linear elastic material, the minimum of potential and complementary energy is used in order to obtain bounds of effective elastic modulus of the composite. Test displacements or stress fields are build and characterized using Green’s functions of a comparison homogeneous body, polarization fields and extension of the classical Lippmann–Schwinger equations. Then when spatial distribution of phases are known, in particular for isotropic distribution of phases or patterns, a generalization of Hashin–Shtrikman principle is obtained and lower and upper bounds are proposed.
• Seismic soil-structure interaction study of inclusion reinforced foundations with a macro-element
  
  • Shen Yuxiang
  • Pérez-Herreros Jesús
  • Cuira Fahd
  • Semblat Jean-François
  • Burlon Sébastien
  Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Science, 2024, 2647, pp.082016. The reinforcement technique using rigid inclusions is a practical, cost-effective, and time-saving foundation solution. This technique has already proven successful in supporting structures that are subject to high seismic demands, such as the Rio-Antirrio bridge in Greece. In a performance-based design approach, it is important to consider the dynamic soil-structure interaction phenomenon, which is specially relevant when dealing with soft soils. Direct approaches simulating the whole soil-structure system within the same numerical model are still computationally expensive and the classic modal response spectrum analyses, based on the superposition principle, are not capable of taking into account most of nonlinear mechanisms. The macro-element approach is therefore a promising method, as it allows modelling of nonlinear soil-structure interaction mechanisms at the base of the structure without increasing the numerical cost. This approach has shown particularly good performance in the dynamic analysis of shallow and piled foundations. The present paper aims to extend the application of the macro-element approach to foundations on rigid inclusions. To this end, the upper-bound kinematic exterior approach is employed to derive a yield surface corresponding to this type of foundation. Its potential application in the context of non-linear soil-structure interaction studies is also discussed. (10.1088/1742-6596/2647/8/082016)
  DOI : 10.1088/1742-6596/2647/8/082016
• Development and distribution of an in situ experimental wind turbine noise database
  
  • Guillaume Gwenael
  • Cotté Benjamin
  • Ecotière David
  • Gauvreau Benoit
  • Lefèvre Hubert
  • Junker Fabrice
  • Schmich-Yamane Isabelle
  , 2024, pp.806-815. The PIBE project is the first French collaborative research project on wind turbine noise. One of its objectives is to quantify the experimental dispersion observed in situ on acoustic quantities/metrics and influencing parameters, and to compare it with the numerical dispersion estimated using acoustic propagation models. A long-term experimental campaign was carried out over consecutive 410 days around a wind farm comprising eight 80-metre-high and 90-metre diameter turbines. Acoustic sensors (five Class I sound level meters) were deployed on site, recording third-octave spectra and overall A- and Z-weighted values of the Leq indicator and fractile indices (L10, L50 and L90), at distances from 325 m to 1400 m from the wind turbines row. In addition, three 3D ultrasonic anemometers and a Lidar system were used to measure meteorological variables influencing long-range sound propagation (e.g. wind and temperature verical profiles). Besides, train and aircraft passing close to the site were inventoried to identify periods of high background noise. All experimental data have been processed into an ElasticSearch database. An interactive web application has been developed in R Shiny to facilitate processing, visualization and analysis of the experimental database. (10.3397/IN_2024_2658)
  DOI : 10.3397/IN_2024_2658